Грамматическое упражнение

Переведите следующие предложения, обращая внимание на неличные формы глагола и обороты с ними.

1. The basement is supposed to transfer horizontal load on the building into the clay nearer the ground surface.

2. The connections between these columns are designed to transmit both tension and compression.

3. The aluminium anchor is likely to be slightly rotated.

4. The central core is triangular with sides of 48.30 m, the distance from the facades to the walls of the core being 13.80 m.

5. The wind sway is about 0.3in per storey, the design wind pressure being 65 lb per sq ft at the top.

6. The umbrella being raised to the top, the construction of floors proceeded upwards from the nineteenth floor.

7. The tensile strength is still low and this is a major disadvantage of the material resulting in cracking.

8. The aggregates must be strong and durable materials to take the applied loads and must not react chemically with the cement paste.

9. Important factors considered in deciding on a safety factor are given here.

10. The structural system is to comprise four transverse three-storey frames rigidly interconnected in the longi­tudinal direction by edge beams.

Текст B

HEAD OFFICE BUILDING FOR

A STEEL COMPANY IN PITTSBURGH, USA

On plan the building has the shape of an equilateral triangle, the length of side being 67.32 m. The height above ground level is 256 m. The central core is also triangular with sides of 48.30 m, the distance from the facades to the walls of the core being 13.80 m. The design of the building has been based on a 1.32 m module.

The structural system for this high-rise building is determined essentially by the method of transmitting the wind forces to the foundations. The walls of the triangular core are formed with lattice panels which are shear-connected to each other at the corners and whose columns are rigidly fixed to the foundation structure, thus forming a triangular tube functioning as a vertical cantilever which absorbs and transmits all horizontal forces.

At the top of the building a rigid space frame ‘hat’ connects the core to the 21 external columns which are located 91 cm in front of the facades. The connections between these columns and the space frame are designed to transmit both tension and compression. Thus the top of the building can undergo lateral displacement, but no rotation, so that its deflections are reduced and extreme movements due to temperature variations are also prevented. At every third floor the external columns are joined to one another by horizontal stubs pro­jecting from the facade, which are rigidly connected to them. The beams supporting these floors are connected directly to these stubs. The beams for the inter­mediate floors, secondary floors, are connected at their outer ends to two-storey high columns which stand, just inside the facades, on the beams for the primary floors. The inner ends of all the floor beams are supported in the core walls.

The external columns and the horizontal stubs in front of the facades are of box-section.

Notes:

displacement n. смещение

equilateral triangle равносторонний треугольник

rotation n. поворот

undergo v. подвергаться