Урок 4.2

Текст A

SOUTH HOLLAND CENTRE, SPALDING, ENGLAND

Generally the building has cast-in-place concrete floors supported by brickwork walls and columns, although (не смотря на) outside, on the north-west elevation(фасаде), the six columns and the two large columns on either(либо на) side of(из) the entrance(вход) are concrete with a brick surround and in the middle(середина) unit of the building, the floor of the main hall is precast(cборного) concrete.

The structure of the middle unit consists of two 381 mm thick brick cavity(пустотелый кирпич) walls with the main hall floor and roof spanning(охватывающая) them. These side walls are buttressed(подкрепляеться) by(около) piers(лестницы. столб)( at 4.21 m centres giving an(дающий вышеуказаную) overall depth at pier positions of 954 mm; the main hall floor consists of prestressed precast concrete floor units, with a 50 mm cast-in-place topping(верхняя часть); adjacent(примыкающий) units are welded(свареный) together by means of steel inserts(закладных деталей) at 2.40 m centres along the edges(края), the floor thus forming a rigid diaphragm(жесткой диафрагмы.). The strip foundations to(к,в,для) the side walls are taken (принятый) below(ниже) a soft clay layer to sand(песка). The stability of the whole (целых) middle unit of the building is assured by four 225 mm thick return walls, about three metres long, on one side or other of the wall on the south-west elevation, all being founded on the same wall strip; the two inner return(внутренний приток) walls terminate(прекращает) at the main hall level. All other ground floor walls at right angles to the side walls are separated from the main loadbearing(несущая) walls by vertical movement (перемещение)joints (швы)and have separate strip foundations. The back(назад) unit of the building is similar in principle to the middle unit but(но) the two loadbearing walls run across the building in a north-west direction with cast-in-place floor slabs spanning between them; at the hall level, the slab cantilevers over the wall on the south-east elevation. The foundations for these loadbearing walls run in a continuous strip under(под) the four walls of the unit with a minimum width of 2.35 m.

The front unit of the building is founded on a 450 mm concrete raft at basement level which is stiffened by concrete basement walls that in general are 300 mm thick. This was necessary (необхадимо)because the unit contains a number of structural forms which all work together and cannot withstand( выдерживать)movement. The concrete columns on the north-­west elevation appear(появляються) to be separate but, although they rest(подставки) on strip foundations outside the raft foundation, they are in fact tied(которые на самом деле связаны) back to the basement by concrete shear walls below ground level and this prevents(предотвращающие) differential movement.

Notes:

buttress v. поддерживать

insert n. закладная деталь

soft adj. мягкий